kotnik
/
shaarli


			
				
					
						
						
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<h1 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h1>
<p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#apache">Apache</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="#lighthttpd">LightHttpd</a> (empty)<a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
<ul>
<li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
<li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
<li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
<li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
<li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
</ul>
<p>Related guides:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
<h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
    ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
    DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="debug---log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
<p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
<p>See:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)<a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="PHP:%20php_value%20vs%20php_admin_value%20and%20the%20use%20of%20php_flag%20explained">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
    ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
    DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>

    <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
    ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
    CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>

    php_flag  log_errors on
    php_flag  display_errors on
    php_value error_reporting 2147483647
    php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="standard---keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
    ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
    DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>

    <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
    ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
    CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
<p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).<a href=".html"></a></p>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:443</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
    ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
    DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>

    <span class="ot">SSLEngine</span><span class="ch">             </span><span class="kw">on</span>
    SSLCertificateFile<span class="st">    /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.crt</span>
    SSLCertificateKeyFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key</span>

    <span class="fu">&lt;Directory</span><span class="ot"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
        <span class="ot">AllowOverride</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">All</span>
        <span class="ot">Options</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">Indexes</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">MultiViews</span>
        <span class="ot">Order</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">allow,deny</span>
        allow<span class="st"> from all</span>
    <span class="fu">&lt;/Directory&gt;</span>

    <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
    ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
    CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
    ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
    Redirect<span class="st"> 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org</span>

    <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
    ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
    CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
<h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
<h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
<p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.<a href=".html"></a></p>
<p>Required packages:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager<a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Official documentation:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Community resources:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)<a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)<a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
<p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:</p>
<ul>
<li>Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em></li>
<li>both these user and group have
<ul>
<li><code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources</li>
<li><code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>On a production server:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code></li>
<li>files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></li>
</ul>
<p>On a development server:</p>
<ul>
<li>files may be located in a user's home directory</li>
<li>in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</li>
</ul>
<p>For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>user:group = john:users</code>,</li>
</ul>
<p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
<pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf</span>
<span class="dt">user </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
<span class="dt">group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span>

<span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
<span class="dt">listen.owner </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
<span class="dt">listen.group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span></code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user john users;

http {
    [...][](.html)
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="minimal-1">Minimal</h3>
<p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em></p>
<pre class="nginx"><code>user john users;
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include            mime.types;
    default_type       application/octet-stream;
    keepalive_timeout  20;

    index index.html index.php;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        root         /home/john/web;

        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
        error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;

        location /shaarli/ {
            access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
            error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
        }

        location ~ (index)\.php$ {
            fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            include        fastcgi.conf;
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
<p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:</p>
<ul>
<li>every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
<ul>
<li>dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code></li>
<li>temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>asset / static resource caching is not optimized</li>
<li>if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
location ~ /\. {
    # deny access to dotfiles
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
    deny all;
}

location ~ ~$ {
    # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
    deny all;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/php.conf
location ~ (index)\.php$ {
    # filter and proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    include        fastcgi.conf;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
    # deny access to all other PHP scripts
    deny all;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
    expires    max;
    add_header Pragma public;
    add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[...][](.html)

http {
    [...][](.html)

    root        /home/john/web;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    server {
        # virtual host for a first domain
        listen       80;
        server_name  my.first.domain.org;

        location /shaarli/ {
            access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
            error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
        }

        include deny.conf;
        include static_assets.conf;
        include php.conf;
    }

    server {
        # virtual host for a second domain
        listen       80;
        server_name  second.domain.com;

        location /minigal/ {
            access_log  /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
            error_log   /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
        }

        include deny.conf;
        include static_assets.conf;
        include php.conf;
    }
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
<p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[...][](.html)

http {
    [...][](.html)

    index index.html index.php;

    root        /home/john/web;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
    }

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  localhost;

        ssl_certificate      /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;

        location /shaarli/ {
            access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
            error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
        }

        include deny.conf;
        include static_assets.conf;
        include php.conf;
    }
}</code></pre>
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